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| “From times immemorial, human settlements have grown and flourished near water sources. But as the world moves forward from the space age, it has lost its bearings with one of its most vital needs: water. Water and sanitation, which encompass the disposal of used water, storm water drainage, sanitation, sewerage and solid waste management, are critical to the forward movement of our civilization. Both water and sanitation are vitally intertwined with the process of socialization relating to our children. Toilet training and personal hygiene constitute the first few steps of growing up. And of course, one grows up within one’s family and society. It is there that we must re-learn what our forefathers cherished. It is a duty this generation holds to the next generation.”
-- Dr. Harjeet S Anand
Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA), Government of India speaking after his key note address at a seminar at the Brazilian Think Tank, the Institute of Research and Applied Economics in Brasilia, May 30, 2008.
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| + PUBLICATIONS & RESOURCES |
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The eThekwini Declaration and AfricaSan Plan document was endorsed at the AfricaSan+5 Conference in February 2008 in Durban, South Africa, where African Ministers resolved to place sanitation and hygiene at the top of the development agenda. The document articulates the critical actions that need to be further developed, funded, and monitored by 2010 in order to put Africa back on track to meet the sanitation MDG target. Contact: Toni Sittoni at wspaf@worldbank.org |
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Performance Improvement Series
The basic aim of the Performance Improvement Series is to help water utilities and service providers understand and adopt mechanisms that promote compliance with adequate service standards, cost recovery, and sustainable revenue strategies, as well as help achieve financially viable and sustainable improved services. The objective is to be able to focus not only on specific performance improvement areas by advancing technical, commercial, and operational efficiency—such as leak reduction, billing and collection, customer service, and tariff setting, among others—but also ensure that such improvements remain sustainable and viable in the long term through arrangements like performance agreements, monitoring, and evaluation. Series titles include:
Upgrading and Improving Urban Water Services
Developing Effective Billing and Collection Practices
Designing an Effective Leakage Reduction and Management Program
Contact: WSP wspsa@worldbank.org |
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Local Governments and User Groups Plan and Implement Large Water Supply Schemes
Contact: WSP wspsa@worldbank.org |
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| + EVENTS CALENDAR |
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World Water Week August 17-23
August 17-23, 2008, This year's week will be held at the Stockholm International Fairs and Congress Center.
Contact: www.worldwaterweek.org |
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Africa Water Operators Workshop
September 17 - 19, 2008, Dakar, Senegal
Contact: Dennis Mwanza at wspaf@worldbank.org |
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Third South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN III)
The South Asia Conferences on Sanitation (SACOSANs) are inter-ministerial conferences held every two years in the South Asia region to focus attention on the important issue of achieving sanitation outcomes. SACOSAN III will be held in Delhi, India from November 16 -21, 2008. The first two days are for optional field visits. SACOSAN III will bring together government and non-government delegates, public policy decision-makers, technical specialists, development partners, and civil society activists from nine South Asian countries – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka – to focus attention on crucial gaps that the over 1.5 billion people living in the region encounter in accessing sanitation.
The conference will renew the commitment of national governments in the region to ending open defecation, unsanitary disposal of human excreta, and similar unhygienic practices that pose serious public health and environmental concerns. The conference will discuss measures to redress the tragedy of the one million children under the age of five who die each year in the South Asia region of water and sanitation related diseases.
Case studies and success stories – those that can be potentially replicated or scaled-up – from all participating countries will be showcased and assessed at the conference. Before the main proceedings, delegates will embark on field trips to see evidence of best practices in select projects in India, where local action or internationally provided solutions or a combination of these have changed the quality of life for individual communities. Taking place in the United Nations designated International Year of Sanitation (IYS), SACOSAN III follows the earlier SACOSAN I (2003) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and SACOSAN II (2006) in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Contact: Conference Chairman, ddws_sacosan08@nic.in |
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| + WSP NEWS - CONTINUED |
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| AFRICA |
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The 2008 African Union (AU) Heads of States and Government summit, which took place early July in Egypt under the theme Meeting the Millennium Development Goals for water and sanitation stressed the need for immediate action to address the WSS crisis and resolved to increase efforts to implement past declarations related to the sector, specifically the eThekwini declaration reached earlier in the year and was presented again at the AU Summit by the African Ministers’ Council on Water with support from regional partners, including the African Development Bank and WSP-Africa.
The AU Summit was the first such event ever in the continent to galvanize political attention at the highest level to focus on issues of water, sanitation, and hygiene. At the Summit, African leaders undertook to -increase public investment and ensure their governments commit to developing national investment plans for WSS with clear budgets and institutional responsibilities; ensure resources are devolved to local level institutions with the responsibility for delivering services; and put in place effective performance monitoring systems.
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African Ministers Progress on AfricaSan+5 Promises
A survey of progress in selected WSP-Africa focus countries indicates that increasing national attention is being focused on improving the state of hygiene and sanitation following the endorsement at AfricaSan+5 of the eThekwini Declaration, in which Ministers resolved to create separate budget lines and to set aside at least 0.5 percent of GDP towards improving the sector.
In Burkina Faso, the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Fishery Resources announced significant allocations for sanitation and hygiene, particularly in rural areas that previously received no specific allocations from the State budget. Some US$1.3 million was set aside in the 2008 budget for institutional sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion in rural areas, while the allocation for sanitation in urban areas increased by 40 percent to US$1 million.
In Kenya, the government has set up a separate ministry and department specifically for Public Health and Sanitation, previously under the Health ministry. The combined allocation for health — including the ministries of Medical Services, and Public Health and Sanitation — was increased from US$514 million to US$537 million for the current fiscal year.
In Ethiopia, the Ministry of Health has adopted promotion of sanitation and hygiene in its core plan for the current fiscal year, requiring every District to develop their own action plans. To add political impetus from the highest level, a national workshop, EthioSan 2008, is planned for later in the year.
In Tanzania, the government has increased funding to the sector from US$1 million to almost US$10 million annually. The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has also begun developing a national sanitation and hygiene policy, and is issuing guidelines to every district on how to implement sanitation and hygiene activities.
In Uganda, the President and Cabinet were briefed on the state of hygiene and sanitation in the country and an AfricaSan+ 5 action plan prepared. A national campaign to raise the profile of sanitation is also underway. Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania and Rwanda have also formulated national action plans for AfricaSan follow up.
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Utility-to-Utility Partnership Plan for East and Central Africa
Water operators in East and Central Africa have prepared an action plan focused on benchmarking, training, and peer support to promote utility-to-utility partnerships in the sub-region. Some 60 utility managers from 26 water operators met in Uganda in July 2008 to share results of a continent-wide benchmarking activity and validate comparator results for water providers operating in East and Central Africa. They also took part in a self-assessment of performance strengths and weaknesses as the basis for identifying and developing partnerships among themselves.
The Kampala workshop was convened by the Water Operator Partnership – Africa (WOP-Africa), a continent-wide collaboration to assist water providers in improving performance through learning and partnerships. It was the first of three sub-regional meetings in Africa to validate the continent-wide benchmarking activity and to begin forging utility-to-utility partnerships. Other workshops are planned for the West/Central/North Africa and southern African regions. WOPs are part of a global movement spearheaded by the United Nations through the UN Secretary-General’s Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation (UNSGAB) to accelerate learning on the cycle of service delivery, with a focus on the poor and underserved.
WOP-Africa was established as a joint program of the African Water Association (AfWA) and the Eastern and Southern Region of the International Water Association (ESAR-IWA). It is intended to serve as a facilitator for the exchange of best practices between water and sanitation utilities. The Kampala workshop was hosted by the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) with support from a partnership of WSP-Africa, UN Habitat, and the British Department for International Development (DfID).
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Making the Case for Strategic Communications to Improve WSS Services in West Africa
A preliminary assessment of projects in WSP focus countries in West and Central Africa demonstrates the potential of employing communications interventions to support reforms and to strengthen capacities of sector institutions with the objective of improving service delivery.
WSP-Africa communications and advocacy activities in Benin, Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Niger, and Senegal focus on building political will, acceptance and support for reforms; stimulating policy dialogue, and mitigating associated political risks. An analysis of the communications strategies employed shows that failing to proactively engage stakeholder opinion can have negative and costly consequences for attempted reform efforts. Even well-designed programs have failed or produced weak results, because decision-makers and intended beneficiaries were not adequately consulted, informed, educated, or mobilized.
The strategies employed include: strengthening the communications capacities of sector institutions; building internal communications and coordination within and between the multiple government and other implementing units; establishing public participation mechanisms to engage opinion leaders and implementation partners as information disseminators; and to acknowledge and include stakeholder views in the planning process through two-way communication, which further fosters participation and thus improves results.
Other strategies have focused on developing and implementing a branded, phased, multi-channel ‘Public Information Campaign’ to increase awareness and knowledge on Water Supply and Sanitation reform and options. Also employed are strategies to mobilize funding and to establish relevant and measurable sets of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of the communications initiatives. The media is also engaged as a partner to advance advocacy objectives.
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| EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC |
Communications, Educational, and Measurement Tools Developed for TSSM Indonesia
The Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) in Indonesia project launched its Communications Tools Menu during a workshop for global TSSM projects in Bali, Indonesia last month. It started with the creation of the Sanitation Focus Opportunity Ability Motivation (SaniFOAM) framework for the East Java sanitation market, which was based on qualitative research findings. The marketing manual of the TSSM program, generated from this framework includes guidelines of the sanitation marketing process from market diagnosis to implementation.
Meanwhile, the global team for the Global Scaling-Up Sanitation Project developed and agreed to methods of measuring cost-effectiveness of sanitation interventions for global scaling-up. The team also developed key elements of the global learning strategy and action plans for country-focused learning strategies. Participants came from the WSP-TSSM Indonesia, Tanzania, and India teams, the TSSM Headquarters team in Washington, DC, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as project donor. After the workshop, participants visited project sites in East Java to gain first-hand experience of the work involved.
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Handwashing Partnership Launched in Vietnam
The Public Private Partnership Handwashing Initiative (PPPHWI) was launched on June 5, 2008 at the Pioneer’s Cultural House. It was led by the Ministry of Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, and the Vietnam Women’s Union with support from WSP. The event drew 400 people and featured remarks by representatives from the three organizations and a primary school student. It was also the public launch of the campaign materials. The PPPHWI was supported by its private partners including Unilever, Lixco, and Colgate Palmolive soap companies.
Handwashing demonstrations, songs, skits, and cultural performances demonstrated how entertainment arts can convey handwashing messages in a manner that resonates. Community events are now ongoing, including education-entertainment fairs, cooking contests, village meetings and one-to-one communications to promote the habit of handwashing with soap.
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Social Contract on Sanitation Calls for Stronger Action in the Philippines
Sector stakeholders signed a social contract -- “ 8 for 2008”--at the Philippine 2nd National Sanitation Summit on July 9-10. Comprising eight action plans ranging from developing local sanitation plans to promulgating and enforcing water and sanitation-related laws, the contract called for stronger commitment to develop and implement action plans toward better water quality and safety through improved sanitation.
WSP Philippines, as a member of the “Philippine Ecological Sanitation Network”, was a key organizer of the International Year of Sanitation (IYS) event. WSP provided technical inputs to the design, presentations, and financial inputs to defray some participant costs, particularly, from local governments participating in WSP-implemented Sustainable Sanitation in East Asia (SuSEA) Philippines projects.
The Summit aimed to support the country’s pursuit for better coordinated institutional arrangements where roles and functions are clarified and enforceable. About 250 participants took part in the event, representing water service providers, local government units, Department of Health, national government agencies, government financing institutions, NGOs, professional associations, academia, private water labs, international funding agencies, UN Agencies, and an international delegation from Indonesia.
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New Handwashing Record Set in Indonesia
Participants comprising 7000 mothers and 5000 schoolchildren gathered in Tangerang for a handwashing event on August 3, breaking the 9000-participant record set in 2007 by the Gunung Kidul Administration.
The Indonesian Museum of Records (MURI) endorsed the new record for the highest number of people washing hands together at the same time in the same place in the country.
Hosted by CARE International, the event was part of a national handwashing with soap campaign launched by the Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap (PPP-HWWS). The event served as a forum to further spread the message of the importance of HWWS habit for behavioral change.
WSP-supported PPP-HWWS teamed up with partners including USAID, Unilever Lifebuoy, and the Tangerang administration to support the event. Also taking part was a visiting mission from the Governments of Lao PDR and Vietnam, who were in Indonesia as part of WSP’s activity to exchange lessons and experiences in total sanitation.
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| LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN |
Survey Results Support Radio Campaign to Promote Culture of Water in Peru
WSP Latin America and the Caribbean (WSP-LAC) in partnership with the group of donors in Peru, Grupo Agua, the sector authority, and the Radio Broadcaster RPP, will launch a national radio campaign called “Culture of Water” aimed at promoting the value of water and its rational use among the population across the country.
The Radio Campaign will start in August during World Water Week and is expected to last two years. As part of the preparatory requirements, a baseline study was conducted with financial support of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation in order to identify perceptions, attitudes, and behavior regarding the value and use of the water and sanitation services and the preservation of the water resources.
Women and men, over 18 years of age, living in Lima and the main cities of Arequipa, Iquitos, and Piura participated in the survey, whose results are crucial to define core elements and components of the campaign: in general, people have basic knowledge on good practices of water use and 66.4 percent believe they can contribute in fighting water pollution.
However, the survey found that water scarcity is not an issue that preoccupies people; only 36.6 percent consider that Peru could suffer water stress in the future. Although water resources are indispensable for people’s lives and development, 43.6 percent think they pay excessively for the services. Based on these findings, the campaign will highlight the individual and collective benefits of saving water, the situation of the people, who currently do not have access to these vital services, and the operation and maintenance costs required for receiving a quality service. Additionally, a media capacity-building program will be deployed in order to engage journalists as partners in this initiative.
Grupo Agua is an advisory body to the National Sector Authority and is comprised of the Canadian, Japanese, German, and Swiss Cooperation, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Pan-American Center for Sanitary Engineering and WSP.
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The Condominial Model: An Option to Expand Services to the Poor in Ecuador
WSP-LAC facilitated a study tour for Ecuadorian governmental officials to Brazil and Peru to gain first-hand experience of condominial water and sewerage systems. After LatinoSan 2007 and the signing of the Cali declaration by ministers and authorities from 16 Latin American countries, the sanitation topic has become a priority in the national development agenda of Ecuador.
The condominial model is a low-cost technology that can help expand quality WSS services to the poor, since costs can be reduced up to 40 percent. The model consists of extending the water and sewerage lines along sidewalks and inside lots, as opposed to in the streets. Rather than providing each individual house with a connection to the public network, a connection point is created for each group of houses (block), as if it were a condominium or apartment building, hence the name condominial system.
Additionally, WSP-LAC supported the organization of four workshops in Ecuador to disseminate low-cost technologies across the country with the participation of the sector authority, local governments, NGOs, professionals, and the private sector. Currently, an initiative has been started to strengthen professional competencies in the sector and train engineers and social workers on the implementation of condominial systems and water and sanitation issues.
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Promoting a Business Approach to Sanitation Solutions for the Poor
"I never thought I would get the opportunity one time to sit in a real (water) closet. The latrine I have been using was uncomfortable and a burden for my weak bones,” said an elderly farmer woman in Namora, Cajarmarca, an isolated village in the Andes of Northern Peru as she signs a contract to purchase a new toilet with wash-bowl and shower.
Meanwhile, in a business district of Lima, managers of a Peruvian private banking branch decide to design a micro-credit product for sanitation. One of the executive officers explains enthusiastically, “The Peruvian lower class is running through a consumption boom. We want to be part of their growth process.”
What unifies these two events is that they both took part in the Alternative Pro-poor Sanitation Solutions Initiative promoted by WSP-LAC and other partners to motivate the private sector and the demand to invest in sanitation in Peru.
In the traditional sanitation scheme in Peru, the state was investing a huge amount of money to distribute latrines across the country. The market approach, however, moves the focus to the demand. Low income families are now choosing what kind of sanitation installation and at what price they are willing and able to buy.
The project is being implemented in five pilot small towns and districts located at the Coast, the Andes, and the Amazonian jungle. So far the project is consolidating the leadership of local governments, has developed a package of sanitation options that responds to consumers’ expectations, and is working with the private sector and banks to introduce microfinance mechanisms attractive for small and medium sized entrepreneurs as well as low- income families.
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| SOUTH ASIA |
Supporting Rural Drinking Water Reforms in India
Recognizing that supply-driven approaches to improving rural water supply have not led to sustainability, the Government of India has introduced a revised package of funding and incentives amounting to US$1.5 billion for 2008-2009 under its Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program, including the reintroduction of its flagship reform program, Swajaldhara.
The scheme aims to address the high rate of failure -- an estimated 100,000 villages where the existing schemes have failed and another 100,000 habitations where water quality is affected.
While Swajaldhara seeks to introduce more demand responsive and participatory approaches to planning and implementation, the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program also has significant allocations for water quality affected areas, source sustainability, and for operation and maintenance. In addition, the Government of India has introduced an incentive fund, the Sajal Gram Puraskar, to reward communities and local governments that achieve sustainable rural water supply.
Water and Sanitation Program – South Asia provided advocacy for demand-responsive approaches and assistance to the Government of India and states for the same, and supported the design of Swajaldhara and the rewards program, as well as design tools and approaches to institutionalize these.
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Going Beyond Sanitation in Andhra Pradesh
What started as a campaign to improve rural sanitation in Andhra Pradesh, has galvanized communities to address through collective behavior change a broadening range of issues, from planting tress to improved management of disposed plastics.
Andhra Pradesh has benefited from both the national Total Sanitation Campaign and the Nirmal Gram Puraskar (clean village award) program, as have other states. Ten village governing bodies, or gram panchayats, won the Nirmal Gram Puraskar given by the President of India in 2005-06 compared to 143 the following year. But the most impressive progress has come over the past year, after the state adopted its own state awards program for sanitation, the Shubhram Awards for cleanliness, based on collective behavior change approaches with incentives provided at the block, district, and state levels.
The awards have further spurred some communities to go beyond sanitation and improve the quality of their lives. For instance, Gudur village in Mustabad, Kareemnagar district, has achieved total sanitation. No one defecates in the open in this village of 2,000, and every house has a soak pit for disposal of liquid waste. All development decisions are taken collectively at the village meetings, with over 90 percent participation by both men and women. They also have a vermi-compost pit, and have drawn up a plan for water treatment.
Giddangivaripally, with 160 households in Kadappa, achieved 100 percent sanitation coverage and open defecation-free status in just six months of deciding to do so. There are even toilets for visitors, and women’s self-help groups monitor cleanliness. Likewise, excellent cooperation between the gram panchayat, community-based organizations and village institutions helped Usman Nagar village in Medak district shine with the district Shubhram Award, the Nirmal Gram Puraskar, and ISO 14000 certification.
Activism has gone beyond sanitation in Hajipally village in Mehboobnagar, which already bagged the district Shubhram Award. In addition to 100 percent open-defecation free status, and 100 percent drainage coverage, community activists are now working on the disposal of plastic and tree planting. Clearly, cleanliness is inspiring other transformations.
WSP South Asia (WSP-SA) has provided Community-Led Total Sanitation training in nearly eight of the 22 districts in the state.
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Studies Indicate Few Sewerage Systems, Limited Wastewater Treatment, and Inefficient Treatment Facilities in India- States Aim for Total Sanitation by 2012
A recent survey of the water and sanitation situation in six Indian cities highlighted dismal findings--only 10 percent of the urban centers studied had sewerage systems, and only 21 percent of waste water was treated. Also, while nearly two-thirds of households have their own on-site arrangements for waste disposal, there is under-utilization of sewage treatment facilities.
A related study by the Central Pollution Control Board of 84 sewage treatment facilities across the country found only eight to be working efficiently. This is because of low coverage of the sewerage network, poor or lack of maintenance of the sewage treatment facilities due to resource constraints, and low priority for waste treatment.
Domestic waste water accounts for 80 percent of the pollution of surface water sources. These issues are being addressed in the draft National Urban Sanitation Policy, and subsequently in the state sanitation strategies.
The study included an analysis of primary and secondary data from six Indian cities--Mumbai, Kanpur, Lucknow, Bangalore, Karur, and Kolkata, which were selected to account for variations across regions and donor agencies. It revealed a lack of comprehensive city-wide planning, with a poor sewerage and treatment record.
The draft national urban sanitation policy of the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, goes beyond advocating access to safe and hygienic sanitation facilities for all urban dwellers, 100 percent sanitary and safe disposal of all waste, and proper operation and maintenance of sanitation facilities by proposing an incentive scheme to encourage cities to improve sanitation and become environmentally clean. The policy makes it clear that sanitation is a state subject and that states must formulate their own strategies to achieve the national goals.
Following the draft National Urban Sanitation Policy, states like Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh have drafted their own state sanitation strategies and are calling for detailed City Sanitation Plans, aiming to achieve the target of totally sanitized cities by 2012.
WSP-SA has supported development of the draft National Urban Sanitation Policy and carried out studies of the urban sanitation situation in India.
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| WASHINGTON |
WSP to attend World Water Week in Stockholm, Sweden
The World Water Week in Stockholm is the leading annual global meeting place for capacity-building, partnership-building, and follow-up on the implementation of international processes and programs in water and development. The theme of the week is Progress and Prospects on Water: For a Clean and Healthy World with Special Focus on Sanitation. Throughout the week WSP will be convening and speaking at several events; to see a full program of WSP events please see our website.
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WSP Manager Comments on Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) report
The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Drinking-water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) report, titled "Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation - Special Focus on Sanitation," comes halfway through the International Year of Sanitation. The report assesses -- for the first time ever -- global, regional, and country progress using an innovative "ladder" concept. This shows sanitation practices in greater detail, enabling experts to highlight trends in using improved, shared and unimproved sanitation facilities and the trend in open defecation. Similarly, the 'drinking water ladder' shows the percentage of the world population that uses water piped into a dwelling, plot or yard; other improved water sources such as hand pumps, and unimproved sources.
"The JMP figures show that although progress has been made in reducing instances of unsanitary practices and in increasing the number of people with access to improved drinking water in the developing world. But challenges still remain if we are to meet the Millennium Development Goal of halving the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015. We welcome the report as an essential tool that guides our work and enables faster, more sustainable improvements in the quality of lives of poor people” commented Jaehyang So, WSP’s Manager.
The report is available on the JMP website at www.wssinfo.org.
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| + THE WATER COOLER |
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WaterAid Report on Inadequate Sanitation as a Silent Killer
WaterAid released "Tackling the silent killer; the case for sanitation" at the July, 2008G8 Hokkaido summit in Japan. The report explores how the sanitation sector is chronically and institutionally neglected by donors and developing country governments alike, resulting in as many as 2.4 million easily preventable child deaths a year; double the number of people killed worldwide in road traffic accidents. WaterAid's report reveals that the current statistics on child mortality may be underestimating how many child deaths are attributable to poor sanitation. According to the report, inadequate sanitation may be the biggest killer of children under the age of five, yet no governments are prioritizing the issue, instead sanitation is the most neglected of all the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) sectors. |
WaterEUM Launch Utility Management Resource Toolbox
In 2007, six associations representing the U.S. water and wastewater sector, including the American Public Works Association, the American Water Works Association, the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies, the National Association of Clean Water Agencies, the National Association of Water Companies, and the Water Environment Federation, in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), signed a historic agreement pledging to support effective utility management collectively and individually throughout the water sector and to develop a joint strategy to identify, encourage, and recognize excellence in water and wastewater utility management. This Effective Utility Management (EUM) effort recently released a management resource toolbox. The Toolbox provides links to key resources and measures designed to help the water and wastewater utility community further improve the management of infrastructure. The toolbox was designed by water and wastewater utilities in six collaborating associations and the US Environmental Protection Agency. |
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| CONTACT INFORMATION
WSP Africa
World Bank
Hill Park Building
P.O. Box 30577-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Phone (254-20)322 6334
Fax (254-20) 322 6386
wspaf@worldbank.org
WSP East Asia and the Pacific
World Bank
Jakarta Stock Exchange Building
Tower 2, 13th Floor JI. Jend. Sudirman
Kav. 52-53, Jakarta 12190, Indonesia
Phone (62-21)5299 3003
Fax (62-21) 5299 3004
wspeap@worldbank.org
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WSP Latin America and the Caribbean
Water and Sanitation Program
Banco Mundial
Mision Residente del Perú
Avenida Álvarez Calderón 185
San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
Phone (51-1) 615-0685
Fax (51-1) 615-0689
wsplac@worldbank.org
WSP South Asia
World Bank
55 Lodi Estate
New Delhi 110003, India
Phone (91-11) 2469 0488/ 2469 0489
Fax (91-11) 2462 8250
wspsa@worldbank.org
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WSP Washington DC
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433 USA
wsp@worldbank.org
ABOUT US
The Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) is a multi-donor partnership program administered by the World Bank. Our goal is to reduce poverty in developing countries by helping the poor gain sustained access to improved water supply and sanitation services (WSS).
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